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Typhoon Ellen was considered the worst typhoon to hit China since 1979. Typhoon Ellen was first noted as a tropical disturbance east of the International Dateline on August 26, 1983, and became a tropical storm soon after crossing the dateline on the morning of August 29. Initially, strong wind shear inhibited development over the next five days, and the cyclone began to track south of west. On September 2, conditions aloft finally improved and the cyclone strengthened into a typhoon on September 4 as it tracked west-northwest. Approaching Luzon late on September 5, Ellen intensified rapidly into a strong typhoon with winds of before interaction with Luzon began to weaken the cyclone. Its final landfall was at Macau on the morning of September 9 as a minimal typhoon. Despite passing north of the Philippines, the storm killed three and left 15 persons injured. Damage in the country totaled $680,000 (1983 USD). While passing near Hong Kong, 50,000 people lost electrical services. Around 200 homes were destroyed. A total 2,000 people were left homeless, 1,600 of which sought shelter. Throughout the city, eight people perished and 339 were hurt, including 120 seriously. Ellen spawned the second tornado ever recorded in Hong Kong, and the first ever recorded during a typhoon. Elsewhere, in Macao, little damage was reported. Offshore, 40 crew members had to be rescued in a shipwreck. In a separate incident, eight people were lost at sea. Furthermore, ten Taiwan fishing boats capsized in the South China Sea, resulting in 48 fishermen missing, though 103 persons also survived. Overall, damage totaled $79 million and 23 people died. ==Meteorological history== Typhoon Ellen originated from a tropical disturbance located south-southwest of the Johnston Atoll on August 26. Based on the development of rainbands, satellite intensity estimates indicated winds of . The disturbance crossed the dateline two days later and a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was subsequently issued. At 0000 UTC on August 29, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) first classified the system. Initially, the storm did not develop significantly due to strong wind shear caused by an intense high pressure area north of the cyclone. This also caused Ellen to turn west-southwest. On August 31, however, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started warning on the system, declaring it a tropical storm. The next day, the JTWC briefly downgraded the system into a tropical depression;〔 however, the JMA held the storm's intensity to for several days.〔 On September 2, however, the storm began to turn west-northwest and environmental conditions became much more favorable for development,〔 and the JMA upgraded Ellen into a severe tropical storm early the following morning.〔 Later on September 3, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PASAGA) also monitored the storm and assigned it with the local name ''Herming''.〔 At 1200 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Ellen into a typhoon,〔 though the JMA did not follow suit until early on September 4.〔 After maintaining this intensity for 12 hours, Ellen deepened slightly that evening,〔 though the JTWC suggests that the storm intensified into a Category 2 hurricane on the United States Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.〔 By midday on September 5, data from both agencies indicated that Ellen developed winds while located west of Luzon.〔〔 Thereafter, Ellen began to rapidly intensify and according to the JTWC, the pressure decreased by .〔 At 0600 UTC on September 6, Ellen reached peak intensity, with the JMA estimating winds of and a pressure of .〔 Meanwhile, the JTWC suggests that Ellen reached a peak intensity of and a slightly higher pressure of .〔 However, its peak intensity was short-lived; Typhoon Ellen soon began to weaken steadily as it moved through the Luzon Straits while interacting with Luzon.〔 After turning northwest, the JMA reported the winds had reduced to at 0000 UTC on September 7.〔 At that time, the JTWC noted that Ellen's winds were equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane.〔 However, the JMA suggests that the weakening trend leveled off late on September 7.〔 The next day, PASAGA ceased monitoring the system as it was no longer a threat to the Philippines.〔 According to the JMA, the system moved ashore near Macao at 0000 UTC on September 9 as an typhoon,〔 though the JTWC estimates that the storm was a little weaker at landfall. Ellen dissipated rapidly overland, and the JTWC downgraded Elen into a tropical depression 12 hours later.〔 However, the JMA kept watching the system until 0600 UTC on September 10.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Ellen (1983)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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